1. Application of wood in structural engineering
Wood is a traditional building material that has been widely used in both ancient and modern buildings. Structurally, timber is mainly used for frames and roofs, such as beams, columns, whirlpools, lookout boards, bucket arches, etc. Many of the buildings in our country are wooden structures, and they have a high level of construction technology and art, and have a unique style.
In addition, timber is also commonly used as concrete formwork and wooden piles in construction projects.
2. The application of wood in decoration engineering
At home and abroad, wood has always been widely used in building interior decoration and decoration, it gives people the enjoyment of natural beauty, but also makes the interior space produce a sense of warmth and intimacy. In ancient buildings, wood is used as an important material for joinery decoration, which is an art decoration with high technical requirements.
Wooden flooring is the most commonly used wooden floor in the interior, which is composed of keels, floors and other parts. There are two kinds of flooring single layer and double layer, the lower layer of the double layer is the wool board, the surface layer is the hardwood plank, the hardwood plank is mostly made of hard trees such as ash, oak, maple, teak, elm, etc., and the single-layer plank is often made of soft wood such as pine and fir. The width of the slats is generally not more than 120mm, the thickness of the board is 20~30mm, and the material requires the use of high-quality plates that are not easy to decay and deformation and cracking.
Parquet wood floor is a higher level of interior floor decoration, divided into two kinds of double layer and single layer, both of which are parquet hardwood board layers, and the lower layer of double layers is wool board layer. The surface layer of parquet board is mostly made of ash, oak, walnut, oak, elm, locust, eucalyptus and other hardwood trees with excellent texture and not easy to decay and crack. The fixing method of double-layer parquet floor is to nail the small slats of the surface layer to the wool board with hidden nails, and the single-layer parquet wood floor can use suitable adhesive materials to directly stick the hardwood slats to the concrete base layer.
The size of the parquet small wooden strips is generally 250~300mm long, 40~60mm wide, and the thickness of the board is 20~25mm.
The wainscoting is also known as the wooden table, and in the room where the parquet floor is laid, the wooden platform is often used to make the material style of the interior space consistent, giving people a feeling of harmonious overall landscape. The wainscoting can be decorated with wooden boards, tongue and groove boards, plywood, etc., and the design and construction can be composed by means of inserts, joints, and embedding, so as to achieve the purpose of decorating the wall.
Wood moldings are referred to as wood moldings. There are many kinds of wood lines, mainly including stair handrails, edge pressing lines, wall waist lines, ceiling angle lines, bending lines, hanging mirror lines, etc. The three-dimensional shape of all kinds of wood lines is different, and each type of wood line has a variety of cross-sectional shapes, such as parallel lines, semi-circular lines, twist lines, dovetail lines, semicircular decorations, tooth decorations, relief decorations, solitary decorations, S-shaped decorations, attached decorations, pincer tooth decorations, cross flower decorations, plum blossom decorations, leaf decorations and carving decorations.
The interior of the building is decorated with wooden strips, which can add a simple, elegant and intimate beauty. Wooden molds are mainly used as wall waist decoration in the interior of buildings, wall opening decoration lines, wall panels and legging strip decoration lines, door frame decoration lines, ceiling decorative corner lines, handrails of stair railings, wall hanging picture strips, mirror frame lines, and doors, windows and furniture of high-line buildings. Especially in the construction of garden buildings and palace-style ancient buildings in China, wood moldings are an indispensable decorative material.
Wooden lattice is a wooden frame made of planks and fir wood with several compartments, which are generally different in size or shape. The wood lattice has the characteristics of simple processing and production, light and slender decorations, and clear surface texture. Wood lattice is mostly used as a window for the interior of the building, partition, Bogu frame, etc., which can play a role in adjusting the interior design style, improving the space efficiency and improving the quality of indoor art.
Rotary cut thin wood is made of colored wood, birch or multitude roots as raw materials, boiled and softened, and then rotary cut into a thickness of 0.1mm.
The left and right flakes are then glued to the tough paper (i.e., the paper backing) to make a roll material. Or, using teak, ash, eucalyptus and other tree timber, through precision rotary cutting, the thickness of 0.2~0.5mm thin wood, in the use of advanced adhesive technology and adhesive, pasted on the plywood substrate, made of thin wood veneer.
The rotary cut thin wood pattern is beautiful and moving, the material color is pleasing to the eye, the sense of reality and three-dimensional sense is strong, and it has the characteristics of natural beauty. The thin wood made of tree root nodules has the characteristics of bird's eye pattern, and the decorative effect is better. Thin wood is mainly used as a finishing surface for interior walls, doors, cabinets and other furniture in high-end buildings. This finishing material is more commonly used in Japan.
In addition, there are some small parts of the interior decoration of the building, which are also made of wood, such as window sill panels, curtain boxes, Skirting boards, etc., they are connected with the indoor floor and wall, and set off each other, so that the style, material, and color of the whole space are harmonious and coordinated, so as to receive a good overall decoration effect.
Due to its convenient processing and good performance, wood is widely used in building structure engineering, building decoration engineering, etc.
3. Comprehensive utilization of wood
In the process of processing wood and making components, a large number of fragments and waste chips will be left behind, and these scraps can be processed to make various man-made panels (except for plywood raw materials). Commonly used man-made panels are as follows:
Plywood is a man-made board made of man-made boards that are rotary cut into logs and hot-pressed with glue, in which the stacking of the sheets must be carried out according to an odd number of layers, and keep the fibers of each layer perpendicular to each other, and the highest number of layers of plywood can reach 15 layers.
Plywood greatly improves the utilization rate of wood, its main characteristics are: uniform material, high strength, no defects, large size, easy to use, the board surface has a real, three-dimensional and natural beauty, widely used as building interior partition panels, wall panels, ceiling panels, door panels and a variety of furniture and decoration. In construction engineering, plywood and plywood are commonly used. China's plywood is mainly made of ash, basswood, birch, masson pine and some imported raw materials.
Fiberboard is a wood-processed bark, shavings, branches and other corner waste, crushed, soaked, ground into wood pulp, and then added a certain amount of rubber, through hot pressing, drying to make man-made boards, divided into hard fiberboard, semi-hard fiberboard and soft fiberboard. The apparent density of fiberboard is generally greater than 800kg/m3, which is suitable for thermal insulation materials.
Fiberboard is characterized by uniform material structure, isotropy, consistent strength, high flexural strength (up to 55MPa),
Wear-resistant, good thermal insulation, not easy to expand and shrink and warp and deform, no decay, no wood knots, insect eyes and other defects. The production of fiberboard can make the utilization rate of wood reach more than 90%.
Particleboard, wood wool board and sawdust board are made of wood wool and sawdust made of wood residue and scraps respectively, which are dried and mixed with adhesive and then hot-pressed and formed. The binder used is synthetic resin, and inorganic cementitious materials such as cement and ceremonial soil can also be used. This kind of board generally has a small apparent density and low strength, and is mainly used as a thermal insulation and sound-absorbing material, but the surface of the hot-pressed resin particleboard and sawdust board can be pasted with plastic veneer or plywood as a finishing layer, which not only increases the strength of the board, but also makes the board decorative, and can be used as a ceiling, partition wall, furniture and other materials.
There are two main types of composite panels: laminate flooring and composite wood panels.
Laminate flooring is a type of multi-layer laminated wood flooring with 80% wood panels. This kind of floor is usually composed of three parts: the surface layer, the core board and the bottom layer, of which the surface layer is made of specially processed wood grain paper and transparent melamine resin pressed together at high temperature and high pressure; The core board is a high-density board made of wood fibers, wood chips or other wood granular materials, etc., mixed with organic matter and pressurized; The bottom layer is a paper layer laminated with polymer.
The specifications of laminate flooring are generally 1200mm×200mm slats, the thickness of the board is about 8mm, and its surface is smooth and beautiful.
Solid and wear-resistant, no deformation, no dry cracking, no staining and fading, no waxing, good durability, easy to clean, easy to lay. Laminate flooring is suitable for floor paving in living rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, etc.
Composite wood board, also known as woodworking board, is made of three layers of glue pressing, the upper and lower layers are plywood, and the core board is a wood strip made of short wood left after wood processing, and then glued together into a board.
The composite wood board is generally 20mm thick, 2000mm long, 1000mm wide, large in size, flat in surface, and easy to use. Composite wood panels can be used instead of solid wood panels, and are now commonly used as decoration of interior partition walls, partitions, cabinets, etc.
